Arterial system

17 Arterial system

It comprises all the arteries coming out of the heart and supplying blood to different parts of the body. The heart gives out two main arterial vessels, pulmonary arch (from right ventricle) and aorta.
Pulmonary arch carries deoxygenated blood. It divides into two pulmonary arteries one for each lung.
1. Aorta carries oxygenated blood. It is swollen into the aortic oxygenated blood.
2. It is swollen into aortic sinus at its origin.
3. Aortic sinus gives out right and left coronary arteries to the heart.
4. Aorta then produces a short and wide innominate on right side, a left common carotid and a left subclavian before bending down as the dorsalaorta.

Innominate or brachiocephalic forms a right common carotid and a right subclavian.

Subclavianprovides oxygenated blood to

forelimbs,
chest and spinal cord.

Carotids supply oxygenated blood to

neck,
face,
mouth,
eyes,
scalp,
brain

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Dorsal aorta has two parts, thoracic and abdominal.
1. Thoracic aorta gives out esophageal (to the esophagus), phrenic (to the diaphragm), branches to back and intercostals (to intercostal muscles) in the thoracic cavity.
2. Abdominal aorta supplies blood to visceral organs and lower extremities.
  It first gives out thick celiac artery with branches like
  1. hepatic (liver)
  2. gastric (stomach)
  3. splenic (spleen)
  4. duodenal (duodenum)
  5. pancreatic (pancreas)
  Below celiac, abdominal aorta gives out a superior
  1. mesenteric artery ( small intestine)
  2. two super renal ( adrenal or suprarenal glands)
  3. two renal ( kidneys)
  4. two genitals and inferior ( posterior) mesenteric artery ( large intestine)
  5. and then divides into two iliac ( pelvic region and lower limbs)
  4% of arterial blood passes into the heart, 10% to the liver, 8% to the brain, 15% of thedigestive tract and the remaining for rest of the body.
  
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