Chemical co-ordination and intigration


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Pituitary glands

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01 Hormones secreted by adenohypophysis

The adenohypophysis is formed of two lobes i.e. anterior and intermediate lobe. These both lobes are formed by embryonic buccal cavity ( Rathke’s pouch). Adenohypophysis contains three types of cells. These are basophils acidophils, chromophils.
  1. Growth Hormone or Somatotropin Hormone ( GH or STH)
    1. It stimulates body growth, protein and fat and carbohydrate metabolism
    2. Hyposecretion of this hormone causes dwarfism during the skeletal growth period.
    3. Hypersecretion of this hormone during the period of skeletal growth causes gigantism characterized by excessive growth of bones, with the enlargement of internal organs as well.
    4. Hypersecretion in adulthood causes acromegaly. Here, the bones becomes abnormally thick due to ossification of periosteum and thickening of soft tissues as well.
  2. FSH or Follicle Stimulating Hormone.
    1. It is produced by the basophilic cells, along with galactose mannose etc.
    2. Function: In females growth of ovarian follicles up to ovulation In males Development of seminiferous tuble and maintenance of spermatogenesis.
  3. LutenizingHormone or interstitial cell stimulating hormone ( LH or ICSH)
    It is produced by basophilic cells. The hormone stimulates the testis to secrete the male sex hormones, testosterone and the corpus luteum in ovaries to secrete female sex hormones called progesterone.
  4. Prolactin It is produced by acidophilc cells. This hormone stimulates lactation ( milk production) and has a direct effect on the breasts immediately after parturition.
  5. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
    1. It is secreted by the corticotropic cells of anterior pituitary.
    2. It stimulates the flow of blood to the adrenal cortex, increases the concentration of cholesterol and steroids within the gland and increases the output of steroid hormones, especially cortisol.
    3. Hyposecretion causes acute psoriasis and dermatitis ( the diseases of skin)
    4. Its hypersecretion causes cushing’s disease characterized by obesity, skin pigmentation increases, excessive hair, demineralization of bone and loss of sexual function.
  6. Thyroid stimulating hormone or TSH
    It is secreted by special basophilic cells. The hormone promotes growth and function of thyroid gland. It secretion is stimulated by a hypothalamic thyrotropin release factor (TRF)
  7. Lipotropin Hormone
    It is in the form of a complex with I, II and β-Lipotropins. It stimulates fatty acid liberation from adipose tissue. Hyposecretion causes obesity and hypersecretion causes thickness

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